Rationalism

Rationalism distinguishes between empirical knowledge and knowledge that existed prior to the experience.

Rationalism includes the idea that you are born with ideas–you would have them regardless of your environment. They are called innate ideas. This concept might be used to explain why two persons practice the piano for the same amount of time, yet one ends up doing considerably better at it.

Some laws in Logic and Math might be considered to be innate ideas. For example, the idea of “x is true or x is false” being always true, and the idea of “x is true and x is false” being always false.